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This condition, also called ulnar neuropathy of the elbow, is similar to carpal tunnel syndrome. It is not as common as carpal tunnel syndrome, and involves a different nerve irritated at a different location. In cubital tunnel syndrome, the ulnar nerve is involved, and the location is around the medial, or inner, aspect of the elbow. The ulnar nerve lies in a narrow groove, or tunnel, directly behind a piece of bone called the medial epicondyle. There are multiple possible causes. Having the elbow bent, or flexed, for long periods may stretch the nerve, as can repetitive elbow flexion. Direct trauma to the nerve may be involved, or previous injury to the elbow resulting in bony deformity. In rare cases, there may be cysts or other growths that take up room and narrow the tunnel. Other conditions can be involved, such as diabetes. Numbness is one of the most prominent symptoms. This is typically felt in the outside half of the ring finger and in the small finger. It may radiate up the hand and forearm to the elbow. The numbness is often felt at night, first thing in the morning, or associated with bending the elbow. Pain can also occur, radiating from the elbow to the small and ring fingers. In more advanced cases, weakness in the hand occurs. The diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and examination in the office. In many cases, electrical testing ("EMG's") of the nerves is done to confirm the diagnosis. X-rays of the elbow may be needed. Non-surgical treatment is usually started, unless findings are very advanced. Basic measures include the following:
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